PSG has now won the season-opening cup on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net early on.
However, Marseille fired twice late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.